31.10.11

Natural Antioxidants helps protect the body

Naturally, every living creature or organism will arrive at the process of growing old. The old process is normal and unavoidable. Old process is considered as the normal life cycle when the arrival time. Unfortunately, sometimes there is a process of premature aging too fast. Advancement of Science later discovered that a lot of factors causing early old process that is partly due to genetic factors, lifestyle, environment, genetic mutations, immune system damage and free radicals.

Of all the factors, the free radical theory is the theory most frequently expressed. Free radicals can come from pollution, dust and produced continuously as a consequence of normal metabolism. Therefore our body requires a substance that is an important antioxidant that helps protect the body from free radical attack by damping the negative effects of this compound.

Antioxidants serve to overcome or neutralize free radicals that are expected with the old process of granting these antioxidants inhibited or at least "not accelerating" and can prevent damage to the body of the onset of degenerative diseases.

The sources of antioxidants can be either synthetic or natural antioxidants. But today the use of synthetic antioxidants began to be restricted, because it turns out the results of research that has been done that synthetic antioxidants such as Butylated Hydroxy Toluene it can poison animals and carcinogenic. Therefore, food industry and medicine move to develop a natural antioxidant and find sources of new natural antioxidants.

There are many foods that can be a source of natural antioxidants, such as spices, tea, chocolate, leaves, seeds, Cereal seeds, vegetables, enzymes and proteins. Most are plant sources of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds are generally scattered throughout the plant both in wood, seeds, leaves, fruits, roots, flowers and pollen.

Phenolic or poly phenolic compounds, among others, may be a flavonoid. The ability of flavonoids as antioxidants has been studied this past year, in which flavonoids have the ability to alter or reduce free radical as well as anti-free radical.

28.10.11

Mental Health Development

Mentally healthy person is not only about avoiding her understanding of both psychiatric disorders and neuroses and psychoses, but should also be seen the extent to which a person is able to adapt itself and its environment, able to harmonize the functions of his soul, unable to cope with life problems including anxiety and inner conflicts that exist, and be able to actualize her potential to achieve happiness.

The term itself to obtain the understanding of mental health is diverse as development, are as follows:
  • Mental health is the ability to adjust oneself to others and society and the environment in which he lives and interacts.
  • Mental health is the knowledge and practice that aims to develop and exploit all the potential, talent and disposition of existing as closely as possible, so as to bring happiness to self and others and of the disturbances and psychiatric illness.
  • Mental health is the realization of genuine harmony between the functions of the soul, as well as having ability to facing ordinary problems that occur and in a positive sense of happiness and ability.

One can try to maintain his mental health by upholding its principles in life, namely:
  1. Having self-image or image and attitude toward oneself is positive.
  2. Has a self interaction or balance functions of the soul in the face of life's problems, including stress.
  3. Able to actualize the proceeds to reach optimal maturity.
  4. Able to socialize and accept the presence of others
  5. Find interest and satisfaction for a job well done
  6. Have a philosophy or religion that can give meaning and purpose to his life.
  7. Introspective or has control of all the activities that arise.
  8. Having a sense of right and responsible attitude of his actions.

25.10.11

HOW Toxic material cause Oral Disease

The oral cavity is the top part of the digestive tract. The main part of the oral cavity are the lips, tongue, mucosa, gums, jaw bones, teeth and pharynx. Every part of the oral cavity may be suffering from certain diseases caused by certain types of toxic materials as well.

A toxic material can cause diseases of the oral cavity in two ways. The first is direct. This can happen if toxic material directly into the oral cavity, such as through food contaminated with toxic materials or inadvertently consumed some type of toxic materials. Both are indirectly or also called systemic. This occurs when toxic materials through the skin or respiratory tract into the body, absorbed by the blood, then spreads throughout the body including the oral cavity region.

The first way would cause the symptoms of an acute disease of the oral cavity, whereas the latter will lead to chronic symptoms. What ever happens is the second way.

Severity of oral diseases caused by toxic materials is influenced by several factors, among others:

1. Doses of toxic materials.

The entry of toxic material into the body primarily through respiratory tract is by breathing air contaminated by toxic materials. By itself the higher levels of toxic materials in air pollution more severe disease it causes.

2. The duration of contact with toxic materials.

The longer an employee in contact with toxic materials caused more severe disease.

3. Conditions of employment.

The point here working conditions for employees means of salvation. Examples of employees who work with wearing a nose / mouth (mask) will suffer the nuisance rather than not taking cover nose / mouth.

4. Conditions of employees.

Employees with poor physical conditions such as tartar will suffer a more severe disorder. Another example of employees who are smokers will also suffer a more severe disorder than non-smokers.

19.10.11

Natural Contraceptive with Solanum betaceum Cav.

Increasing the drug industry, especially contraceptive drugs in the last decade have spurred commercial utilization of various species as a source Solasodin. Aglicon Solasodin is an alkaloid that has a steroid nucleus, with the formula up as diosgenin. Solanum steroid alkaloids can be used as a base for the manufacture of some steroid hormones are used for oral contraception. This upsets the balance of steroid alkaloid gonadotropin hormones, both male and female

Solanum betaceum Cav., eggplant-type plants of the family Solanaceae. Solanum betaceum Cav., Is a shrub or tree, trunk 2-3 m high with a trunk diameter of 4 cm, the shape of round rods, kordatus leaf shaped leaves, veins prominent, long petiolus 7-10. Flowers small, have bunches, pink to blue color of eggplant with a diameter of 1 cm and oval-shaped fruit.

Solanum betaceum Cav., Initially known as Cyphomandra betaceae, but later revised to Solanum betaceum Cav., Which is included in the family Solanacae. In 100 g of Solanum betaceum Cav., Containing 82.7 to 87.8 g of water, protein 1.5 g fat from 0.06 to 1.28 g, carbohydrates 10.3 g, fiber 1.4 to 4.29 g ; ash from 0.66 to 0.94 mg; carotene 0.371 to 0.653 mg vitamin D 540 IU and vitamin C from 23.3 to 44.9 mg. If the fruit is cooked, then most of the vitamin C is lost.

Solanum mauritianum is a small tree or shrub native of South America, including northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. This plant has a life time of up to thirty years, and can grow to reach 33 feet. This plant has large oval leaves are green to shades of gray. The flowers are purple with yellow center. This plant can bloom all year round and can grow on various soil types.

These plants contain compounds Solasodin glycoalkaloid, with the highest content in the raw fruit green (2% - 3.5% dry weight). Solaurisin, Solauricidine, and Solasodamin also had been found in Solanum mauritianum.

The ability of plant species solanacea in lowering sperm counts, reduced sperm mobility and increase the number of abnormal sperm such as motility, viability and sperm membrane integrity, so that impair fertility in men lies in Solasodin.

17.10.11

The role of Women in Advertising

Ads are news order to encourage, persuade the general public about the goods or services offered, sold or installed in the mass media such as magazines, newspapers and television. As the language of communication, advertising has its own language structure. Structurally ads consist of signs, i.e the smallest elements of language.

The sign consists of a marker (signifier), which is something that is material in the form of pictures or illustrations and the marker is the concept (signified) or meaning (meaning) is behind all of these markers can be used to describe reality.

Talking about women's body language is inseparable from her physical appearance. Thus, any form of appearance of the female body is a conversation that never runs out, as in a variety of themes always appear at any debate starts from head to tip of nails. Likewise, in media advertising in both television and print media ads which partly looks always take advantage of a woman's body language as one of the images appeal to the consumption of a product. The concept of body language is defined as a unique nonverbal communication signals, one can convey a message or express themselves through movement consciously or subconsciously, body movements and facial expressions can be a direct replacement of language and verbal language serves as a description, or as a medium to hide actual intent.

Some good advertising medium of television or print media describing as though decent to eat is what is in effect advertising potential female consumers racing to buy a product that has similarities with what is objectified by advertising. Beautiful woman's body becomes an economic commodity labels are very effective advertising medium, especially for the culture of modern industrial society.

14.10.11

The Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infection is an infection caused by various bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative. The infection is found in all ages, in men and women. Symptoms vary from mild to severe and the infection can progress if left untreated can even endanger the lives of sufferers.

The diagnosis can be established by clinical and laboratory. Diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory examination to determine the etiology and microbiology can be tested at the same time sensitivity to various antibiotics.

Escherichia coli is a bacterium gram-negative often reported as the most common cause of urinary tract infections. However, recent gram-positive bacteria were beginning to show a rising trend as a cause of urinary tract infections, including Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. saprophyticus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent bacterium that can cause infections, including urinary tract, especially in patients with
'Indwelling catheters. " In the pre-antibiotic era, Staphylococcus aureus causes infections that cause abscesses haematogenous renal cortex and perinefric. In the era of antibiotics, the bacteria associated with urinary tract manipulation, including urinary tract catheterization, and antibiotic use.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequent cause of urinary tract infections in young adult women. Although it has been found that penicillin-resistant strains, but the organism is sensitive to most other antibiotics.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus belong to the coagulase-negative staphylococci, did not ferment mannitol and resistant to novobiosin. Growth is not as fast or Staph.aureus E.coli in the urine or routine culture media.

Gram-negative bacteria are most found is E.coli. Data suggests that about 90% of urinary tract infections caused by E. coli.

10.10.11

Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity has become a major health problem that continues to evolve. In America the incidence of overweight in children and adults increased to three times in the past three decades and the increase has reached an alarming point. Obesity in children and adolescents is also increasing. Approximately 1 in 3 children are overweight or at risk of overweight. Children who are obese in childhood have a 75% chance to be obese as well as adults later.

Recently declared obesity as a chronic disease with multi factor causes. Obesity is not caused by a single cause but rather by the complex relationship between genetic factors, physiological, metabolic, psychological, socio-economic, lifestyle and cultural factors.

Obesity raises a variety of effects on growth and psychosocial development of children. Causes of psychosocial disorders in obese children may be caused by internal and external factors.

Internal factors derived from the child itself is a desire to attenuate the body and felt different from other children, causing children with obesity have low self-esteem and easily depressed. Due to obesity, the penis looks small because it was buried in fatty tissue (buried penis), it can cause embarrassment because they feel different from other children. Body odor or aroma is less pleasant because of the laceration in the area of ​​skin folds, causing a child to withdraw from the vicinity.

External factors from the environment to the stigma on obese children as children who are lazy, stupid and slow. Could also be due to the inability to carry out a task / activity mainly due to the existence of barriers sports movement by obesity.

Children with obesity are generally rarely played with their peers. Tends to be alone, not included in the game, as well as awkward or withdraw from social contact. So with such conditions verbal creativity in obese children is questionable. This is due to a lack of confidence, negative self-perception and low self-esteem because they feel different from other children so that the subject of ridicule of his friends.

Psychological problems associated with obesity in children include a negative self-esteem, isolated from interactions with peers, depression, anxiety, feelings of chronic rejection and creativity tends to decline. Excessive obesity in children will usually lead to activity and creativity of children will decrease, and then with overweight children to become lazy.

6.10.11

Teaching and Learning Activities

Education is primarily a process to assist people in developing themselves so that they can cope with change and problems. One important thing that contributed to the success of education is teaching and learning activities in schools. Students, teachers, and infrastructure are a component in learning. Students as subjects and teachers as facilitators in learning. Student activity is very influential in the learning process. Understanding of the students is also very important for teachers so that teachers can create the right circumstances in a teaching-learning process and provide the optimal effect for students to achieve good learning results.

Learning system must be more innovative and attractive so as to enhance students' understanding of a concept to the maximum towards a learning creativity.

Learning that can be used is the inquiry approach (discovery). This approach is based on mental processes in which students assimilate the concepts and principles. Mental processes, such as observing, classifying, making allegations, explain, measure, draw conclusions and so on. One type of inquiry approach is a guided inquiry approach. In this approach, the teacher provides guidance or instruction to students, most of the planning is made of teachers, and students do not formulate the problem or problems.

Practicum is one way to find a concept and principle in which students actively experience and prove to them self about what is being learned. In this way students are totally involved in doing yourself, analyze, demonstrate and draw your own conclusions about the object, situation or process anything. When the guided inquiry method is carried out through the practicum students will be able to actively assimilate the concepts and principles so that students are able to understand the lesson. Guidance and instruction from the teacher will facilitate students in the process of discovery of concepts and principles in the subject matter. Thus the quality of the learning process and student achievement will increase.

The responsibility for education of children

As we all know that the responsibility for education of children is concentrated on three (3) organizations that are family, school and community as an educational center. If we look at the three institutions responsible for education, the school actually is the second element in the educational institutions. But recently the school into a major institution responsible for education.

Education should be implemented at an early age. If children at an early age was trained to do something good, then after they've grown up and grown accustomed to feeling happy to do it and not perceived as a burden. Carry out the virtues and noble manners require different training and awareness in order to get to do it with ease. Truly a small train and educate children from an early age to do well is an effort to lay the foundation of virtue, was eventually becomes a habit.

Family environment should be the lead agency role in educational change. Lack of available time at home and hanging out with the entire family is as busy as a result of routine job faced by family members, especially fathers and mothers, who in turn controls and attention to their children is not fulfilled. Given these problems, many parents who give education to children are formal institutions such as schools. Thus, education is the responsibility of the formal educational institutions (schools).

One of the responsibilities borne by the school in educating their child's education is a noble spirit away from crime and disgrace. A child requires a deepening of values ​​and norms and morals into their souls. Moral education for children is important because children are individuals who are still in progress towards the optimum, so the child can be formed from an early age. Therefore the school as educational institutions is very dominant in giving attention to the moral education of children, because good and bad morals of children indirectly affected by the education conducted at schools.

Today there are many behaviors which concern undertaken by children, such as stealing, lying, and daring to both parents. The decline of politeness and other behaviors that demonstrate the low morals. Then it's time as an educational institution (school) to always be aware of his responsibility as educators to pay attention to their students, especially in moral education in order to achieve a noble person.

E-Learning Education

Education in the future is expected to be flexible, open, and can be accessed by anyone who requires a factor indiscriminate sex, age, and previous educational experience. The education process will be determined by the network information that enables interaction and collaboration. Development of Information Technology, particularly in education, can connect between the students with the professor; students see the value, see the schedule of lectures, send the tasks assigned Lecturer and so on the internet online.

One of the learning methods possible to use the internet facility is e-Learning. In the United States (U.S.), e-Learning has been used in nearly 90% of the university which has over 10,000 students. Internet use increased by about 100% per year contributed to considerable progress in the use of e-Learning.

Learning e-Portfolio can be used to show a clear outcome and output process of learning and student learning, present the framework for the assessment of academic progress (achievement of study) and to show continuous skills development. In the process of education, e-Portfolio has a function: the process of recognition, recording, validation, reflection, exposure/presenting, planning, and assessment. Program assessment is an activity designed to determine the level of student achievement in reaching the goal of learning as well as to provide feedback in an effort to help students achieve learning objectives.

E-Portfolio is used as a means to measure the output (learning outcome) and outcome (impact study) that can be used to measure the performance of the institution as a form of education. Assessment is a tool to make improvements in the educational process but rather part and the end of an educational process as an assessment. Assessment values ​​are very effective and practical education begins by making learning objectives that should be given to students and self-assessment will help students to achieve learning goals.

3.10.11

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Part II

Transmission and Prevention in HIV / AIDS

HIV can be found in all body fluids, but which proved transmission is through blood, semen and cervical fluid / vaginal only. Modes of transmission HIV / AIDS may be through:

1. Sexual intercourse
2. Receipt of blood or blood products via blood transfusion

3. The use of syringes, medical devices and equipment other puncture (tattoos, piercing, acupuncture, etc...) unsterile
4. Acceptance of organ, tissue or semen

5. Transmission to the fetus from pregnant mother.
6. Until now there has been no evidence of transmission can be through: insect bites, beverages, food or casual contact in families, schools, swimming pools, public toilets or work with people with AIDS


By knowing the ways of HIV transmission, it will be easier to do prevention measures. Easily, HIV prevention can be done by ABCDE formula is:
A = Abstinence, not having sex or abstain sex before marriage
B = Being Faithful, faithful to one partner, or avoiding multiple sexual partners sexual
C = Condom, for those who are at risk is recommended always to use condoms correctly during sexual intercourse
D = Drugs injection, do not use drugs (Drugs) injections with unsterilized needles or used interchangeably
E = Education, education and health education on matters related with HIV / AIDS

With the increasing cases of HIV / AIDS is necessary alacrity workers to provide medical assistance and services to patients with HIV / AIDS. On the other, with the advancement of science and technology in health, HIV / AIDS that had been are a progressive disease of the deadly shifted into a chronic disease that can be managed. Although not yet found a drug that can kill the HIV virus completely, with the discovery of antiretroviral drugs, people with HIV / AIDS could be increased life expectancy. This is certainly to be supported by the efforts of the care strong in order to achieve optimal quality of life.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Part III

Orphanage Care in HIV / AIDS

Orphanage care in HIV / AIDS is unique to each individual, influenced by individual characteristics, stage of development of symptoms that are experienced by people with HIV / AIDS, and public attitudes toward HIV / AIDS. The problems nursing which are commonly found in people with HIV / AIDS include:
1. The risk of infection (opportunistic infection) in connection with a reduction immune
2. Tiredness (fatigue) in connection with the process of HIV infection
3. Acute Pain / Chronic relation to the presence of neuropathy, cancer, infection
4. Nutritional imbalance; less than body requirements with respect to not appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain swallowing, pain in mouth, diarrhea
5. Impaired skin integrity related to infection, cancer
6. Social isolation in relation to fear the spread of the virus, stigma
7. The risk of low self esteem in relation to changes in body appearance
8. Changes in sexual patterns with respect to the risk of spreading disease
9. Anxious in connection with the lack of knowledge, lack of family support / social
10. Defense responses (coping mechanism) is not effective with respect to chronic progressive disease
11. Deep sorrow in connection with the decline in immune function or the perception of death that threatens

To reduce the risk of getting infections, people living with HIV are encouraged to always maintain personal hygiene, maintaining safety and cleanliness food and beverages, keeping the environment clean, avoid behaviors that at risk of contracting or transmitting diseases, and perform treatment on a regular basis.

Fatigue can arise from infections, medications, anemia, dehydration, depression, or due to poor nutrition. Fatigue can be managed in a way to intersperse activities resting, prepare the schedule of activities / jobs that require a lot of power to do more energetic conditions at the time. Diet foods high in calories, high in protein and vitamin and mineral supplements.

As long as HIV infection progresses, patients generally stay in the house. Hospitalization may be required for certain times during the episode acute. As the disease continues to develop, patients need a serious treatment of the family or community nurses (community nurses). The nurse will help to make physical care, building a therapeutic relationship, and coordinate care with other health team members. Various support facilities in the community should be recognizable. When the patient is in terminal phase, the treatment provides support comfort and emotional support for patients and families is needed.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Part I

AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a disease that caused by the virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which is characterized by symptoms the immune system. AIDS can be said of a collection of signs / symptoms or a syndrome that occurs due to a decrease in acquired immune power or infected, not inborn. AIDS patients vulnerable to infection opportunistic (infection caused by germs on the state of the immune system normal body does not happen) and cancer and usually ends with death.

The cause of AIDS is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which is a type of virus RNA is classified as retroviruses. The main basis of HIV infection disease was reduced type of white blood cells (T helper lymphocytes) that contain marker CD4 (Cells T4). Lymphocytes T4 has a central and primary cells that are involved directly or indirectly in inducing many immune functions, so abnormalities functional on T4 cells will lead to signs of immune response disorders. Once HIV enters a person's body, HIV can be obtained from lifosit mainly lymphocytes T4, monocytes, glial cells, macrophages and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients.

The presence of HIV in a person's body can not be seen from the outside appearance. Person who are infected will not show any symptoms for long periods of relative long (± 7-10 years) after contracting HIV. This period is called the latent period. Person still healthy and able to work as usual even though his blood contained HIV. This is a worrying period for public health, because people unconsciously infected can transmit the virus to others. Of the latent then enter the state of AIDS with the following symptoms:

The main signs (major) include weight loss of more than 10% in - short time, prolonged fever for more than a month, and chronic diarrhea for more than a month

Signs of an additional (minor) include prolonged coughing for more than one months, skin disorders (itching), herpes simplex (painful blisters and skin) that widening and getting worse, fungal infections of the mouth and esophagus, and swollen lymph glands throughout the body, which is palpable beneath the ear, neck, armpits, and groin.