Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Part II

Transmission and Prevention in HIV / AIDS

HIV can be found in all body fluids, but which proved transmission is through blood, semen and cervical fluid / vaginal only. Modes of transmission HIV / AIDS may be through:

1. Sexual intercourse

2. Receipt of blood or blood products via blood transfusion

3. The use of syringes, medical devices and equipment other puncture (tattoos, piercing, acupuncture, etc...) unsterile

4. Acceptance of organ, tissue or semen

5. Transmission to the fetus from pregnant mother.

6. Until now there has been no evidence of transmission can be through: insect bites, beverages, food or casual contact in families, schools, swimming pools, public toilets or work with people with AIDS


By knowing the ways of HIV transmission, it will be easier to do prevention measures. Easily, HIV prevention can be done by ABCDE formula is:

A = Abstinence, not having sex or abstain sex before marriage

B = Being Faithful, faithful to one partner, or avoiding multiple sexual partners sexual

C = Condom, for those who are at risk is recommended always to use condoms correctly during sexual intercourse

D = Drugs injection, do not use drugs (Drugs) injections with unsterilized needles or used interchangeably

E = Education, education and health education on matters related with HIV / AIDS

With the increasing cases of HIV / AIDS is necessary alacrity workers to provide medical assistance and services to patients with HIV / AIDS. On the other, with the advancement of science and technology in health, HIV / AIDS that had been are a progressive disease of the deadly shifted into a chronic disease that can be managed. Although not yet found a drug that can kill the HIV virus completely, with the discovery of antiretroviral drugs, people with HIV / AIDS could be increased life expectancy. This is certainly to be supported by the efforts of the care strong in order to achieve optimal quality of life.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Part III

Orphanage Care in HIV / AIDS

Orphanage care in HIV / AIDS is unique to each individual, influenced by individual characteristics, stage of development of symptoms that are experienced by people with HIV / AIDS, and public attitudes toward HIV / AIDS. The problems nursing which are commonly found in people with HIV / AIDS include:

1. The risk of infection (opportunistic infection) in connection with a reduction immune

2. Tiredness (fatigue) in connection with the process of HIV infection

3. Acute Pain / Chronic relation to the presence of neuropathy, cancer, infection

4. Nutritional imbalance; less than body requirements with respect to not appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain swallowing, pain in mouth, diarrhea

5. Impaired skin integrity related to infection, cancer

6. Social isolation in relation to fear the spread of the virus, stigma

7. The risk of low self esteem in relation to changes in body appearance

8. Changes in sexual patterns with respect to the risk of spreading disease

9. Anxious in connection with the lack of knowledge, lack of family support / social

10. Defense responses (coping mechanism) is not effective with respect to chronic progressive disease

11. Deep sorrow in connection with the decline in immune function or the perception of death that threatens

To reduce the risk of getting infections, people living with HIV are encouraged to always maintain personal hygiene, maintaining safety and cleanliness food and beverages, keeping the environment clean, avoid behaviors that at risk of contracting or transmitting diseases, and perform treatment on a regular basis.

Fatigue can arise from infections, medications, anemia, dehydration, depression, or due to poor nutrition. Fatigue can be managed in a way to intersperse activities resting, prepare the schedule of activities / jobs that require a lot of power to do more energetic conditions at the time. Diet foods high in calories, high in protein and vitamin and mineral supplements.

As long as HIV infection progresses, patients generally stay in the house. Hospitalization may be required for certain times during the episode acute. As the disease continues to develop, patients need a serious treatment of the family or community nurses (community nurses). The nurse will help to make physical care, building a therapeutic relationship, and coordinate care with other health team members. Various support facilities in the community should be recognizable. When the patient is in terminal phase, the treatment provides support comfort and emotional support for patients and families is needed.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Part I

AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a disease that caused by the virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which is characterized by symptoms the immune system. AIDS can be said of a collection of signs / symptoms or a syndrome that occurs due to a decrease in acquired immune power or infected, not inborn. AIDS patients vulnerable to infection opportunistic (infection caused by germs on the state of the immune system normal body does not happen) and cancer and usually ends with death.

The cause of AIDS is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which is a type of virus RNA is classified as retroviruses. The main basis of HIV infection disease was reduced type of white blood cells (T helper lymphocytes) that contain marker CD4 (Cells T4). Lymphocytes T4 has a central and primary cells that are involved directly or indirectly in inducing many immune functions, so abnormalities functional on T4 cells will lead to signs of immune response disorders. Once HIV enters a person's body, HIV can be obtained from lifosit mainly lymphocytes T4, monocytes, glial cells, macrophages and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients.

The presence of HIV in a person's body can not be seen from the outside appearance. Person who are infected will not show any symptoms for long periods of relative long (± 7-10 years) after contracting HIV. This period is called the latent period. Person still healthy and able to work as usual even though his blood contained HIV. This is a worrying period for public health, because people unconsciously infected can transmit the virus to others. Of the latent then enter the state of AIDS with the following symptoms:

The main signs (major) include weight loss of more than 10% in - short time, prolonged fever for more than a month, and chronic diarrhea for more than a month

Signs of an additional (minor) include prolonged coughing for more than one months, skin disorders (itching), herpes simplex (painful blisters and skin) that widening and getting worse, fungal infections of the mouth and esophagus, and swollen lymph glands throughout the body, which is palpable beneath the ear, neck, armpits, and groin.